这些年来，园林界年轻的设计师较多，且大都刚从各个院校毕业，没有多少实践经验，因工作忙更没时间去苗圃观摩。他们设计的苗木品种和规格，大都来自于所学的书本和网络。苗圃经营者的产品通过何种途径为设计师所认知、熟悉乃至正确应用，这是打通苗木生产与绿化工程对接的关键环节。
Over the years, there are many young designers in the garden industry. Most of them just graduated from various colleges and universities. There is not much experience in practice. They have no time to go to nursery observation because of busy work. The varieties and specifications of the seedlings they have designed mostly come from the books and the Internet. Through which way can designers know, familiarity and even correctly apply the products of nursery operators? This is the key link to get through the docking of nursery stock production and greening projects.
园林设计师与苗木生产者信息不对称
Information asymmetry between garden designers and seedling producers
巧妇难为无米之炊
One can't make bricks without straw
苗木生产者的工作岗位，多数时间在苗圃，手机是通讯和信息交流的主要工具。有人讲，当前70%的中国人玩手机，这种说法并不恰当，如果70%的人“玩手机”，那么80%“玩手机”的人是在看信息、学知识。
The job of the seedling producers, most of the time in the nursery, the mobile phone is the main tool for communication and information exchange. It is said that 70% of the Chinese people play with mobile phones. This is not appropriate. If 70% people play with mobile phones, 80% people who play cell phone are reading information and learning knowledge.
苗圃经营管理人员70%至90%的苗木信息是通过手机获取的，其中微信是交流苗木信息的主要途径。但是，当前苗木供应信息大都在苗木生产者、经营者之间传播、交流，甚至泛滥成灾、真假难辨，极少传播到园林设计者之中。
The nursery managers 70% to 90% of the nursery stock information is obtained through the mobile phone, and WeChat is the main way to exchange the information of the seedlings. However, most of the current seedling supply information is spread and communicated among seedlings producers and managers, and even diffuses and is hard to distinguish.
有专家表示，为了在某绿化工程设计一种规格的苗木，有时要花费很长时间查找，不知道当地苗圃能否有，于是就在淘宝等网站查阅。作为园林行业资深设计师、教授级高工尚且如此，更何况年轻人。
Some experts said that in order to design a standard nursery stock in a greening project, it sometimes takes a long time to find out whether there is any nursery, so it is searched at Taobao website. As a senior designer in the garden industry and the high level of professors, the young people are more of the same.
园林设计师与苗木生产者对话的必要性
The necessity of dialogues between garden designers and seedlings producers
沟通交流才能真正促发展
Communication and communication can really promote development
在园林绿化行业，苗木生产是基础，应用是目的，设计是关键。园林设计公司是这个行业的上游企业，园林设计师是规划、掌控苗木应用的领军人物。苗木生产者首先要与设计师沟通、交流，了解、确认将来绿化工程设计什么苗木，在第一时间得知市场需求什么苗木，再有的放矢地组织生产，才能卖得出去苗木，获得经济收入，才能尽量避免盲目生产苗木。
In the garden afforestation industry, the seedling production is the foundation, the application is the purpose, the design is the key. The garden design company is the upstream enterprise in this industry, and the garden designer is the leading figure in planning and controlling the application of the seedlings. The seedlings to communicate with the designers, producers first communication, understanding and confirming the future landscape engineering design what seedlings in the first time that what stock market demand, then the vector production organization, to sell seedlings, to obtain the economic income, in order to avoid blind production of seedlings.
近三十年来，我国的苗木生产一直处于比较盲目的状态。2016年虽然是“十三五”的开局之年，但十三五规划的很多项目，要从2017年后开始实施。另外，国家、地方政府每年计划拨付的项目资金，大都在下半年到账，资金拨付的滞后性非常普遍。尽管各地区苗木生产也有计划，但只有种植面积而没有苗木的品种、数量和规格以及出圃时间，与造林绿化规划不衔接。
In the past thirty years, the production of seedlings in China has been in a relatively blind state. Although 2016 is "13th Five-Year" at the beginning of the year, but in 13th Five-Year many of the planning project, to start from 2017 after. In addition, the national and local governments plan to allocate funds every year, mostly in the second half of the year to account, the lag of funds is very common. Although there are plans for nursery stock production in all regions, there are only planting areas but no seedlings, varieties and specifications, and time for nursery.
不过，若等到园林设计师在进行绿化项目规划、设计时，再与苗木生产者沟通、交流，为时已晚。最好提前3年至5年与苗木生产者沟通信息，交流、确定将来应用的品种、规格及发展态势，使生产者提前3年至5年着手培育市场需求的苗木。即使不能提前三五年进行沟通，设计者至少也要在进行绿化设计前去相关苗圃走一走、看一看，根据苗圃生产实情进行设计考虑，从而保证能够采购到需要的苗木。
However, it is too late for the garden designers to communicate and communicate with the seedling producers if they are waiting for the planning and design of the greening projects. It is best to communicate information with seedlings producers 3 years to 5 years in advance, communicate and identify future varieties, specifications and development trend, so that producers can start to cultivate seedlings for market demand 3 to 5 years in advance. Even if communication can not be made in advance for 35 years, designers should take a walk and look at the relevant nursery gardens before going green design. According to the actual situation of nursery production, design considerations should be taken so as to ensure that the seedlings needed can be purchased.
从园林设计师角度看苗木市场需求
The market demand of the seedlings from the perspective of landscape designers
苗木生产要做到有的放矢
Seedling production should be targeted
2016下半年，山东省林木种苗协会曾先后邀请了多家组织的苗木企业家、项目采购经理以及北京知名园林设计院考察了济南、青岛等九市地的30余家苗圃场。这些设计师虽然立足北京，但其设计面向的是全国绿化工程，具有一定代表性、广泛性。
In the second half of 2016, Shandong forest seed and seedling association has invited a group of nursery stock enterprisers, project purchasing managers and Beijing famous garden design institute to inspect 30 nursery farms in nine cities such as Ji'nan and Qingdao. Although these designers have a foothold in Beijing, they are designed for the national greening project, with a certain representativeness and universality.
北京苗木需求量最大的年份是2019年
The largest demand for Beijing seedlings is in 2019
由于北京市政府机关搬迁通州，延庆承办2019年世园会，通州、延庆两区绿化任务最重。2016年至2018年为规划、设计阶段，2019年为绿化施工阶段，因此，北京苗木需求量最大的年份应是2019年。
The Beijing municipal government organs of the relocation of Tongzhou, Yanqing to host the 2019 World Horticultural Exposition, Tongzhou, Yanqing two district greening tasks most. 2016 to 2018 for planning, design, 2019 for the green construction phase, therefore, the largest demand for Beijing seedling year should be in 2019.
提倡逆境或相似环境育苗
Advocating adversity or similar environment breeding
北京最缺的树种是哪些
What are the most missing tree species in Beijing
目前北京缺少的是常绿针叶树种，如油松、白皮松、华山松、雪松、樟子松等。
At present, Beijing is the lack of evergreen coniferous trees, such as pine, whitebark pine, Huashan pine, cedar, pine and other.
为了适应北京施工环境的需要，除了苗木供求半径800公里限制条件外，需要在自然环境较差的地理条件育苗，如在大同、内蒙古等地的恶劣环境下育苗，其生产的苗木更能优先采购。根据绿化环境的需要，实行阴、阳坡地形分开育苗，苗木分别应用。外地苗企最好在北京设立苗圃，苗木移栽到北京过渡适应一两年后再上工程。
In order to meet the needs of construction environment in Beijing, besides seedling nursery supply and demand radius of 800 kilometers, we need to grow seedlings under natural conditions with poor geographical conditions, such as Datong and Inner Mongolia, so that the seedlings can be preferentially purchased. According to the needs of green environment, the implementation of sunny slope and shady slope terrain from seedling, seedlings were used. It is best to set up a nursery in Beijing, and the seedlings should be transplanted to Beijing to adapt to the project after one or two years.
苗木规格质量，树形比径粗更重要
The size of the seedlings is more important than the diameter of the tree.
使用原生树种、全冠苗上工程是将来发展的趋势。所谓原生树种就是实生苗或扦插苗，高接苗或裸干苗尽量少用。全冠苗既不是定干丛生的冠型苗，也不是全貌苗，而是自然生长、树干圆满无伤痕、死结，树冠适度修剪、有二级以上分枝的苗木。如干冠比1:1的苗，即分枝点高度2.8米，树冠直径2.8米。将来胸径12厘米、树形不好的苗木肯定不如胸径10厘米、树形好的苗木好卖。
The use of primary and full crown seedlings is the trend of future development. The so-called native tree species are seedlings or cuttings, and high or bare dry seedlings are used as little as possible. Crown seedlings is not stem clumps of crown seedlings, nor whole seedlings, but the natural growth, no scars, a tree knot, moderate pruning, canopy seedlings more than two branches. For example, the dry crown is more than 1:1, that is, the height of the branch point is 2.8 meters, and the diameter of the crown is 2.8 meters. In the future, the seedling with 12 centimeters and a bad tree is certainly not as good as the seedling of 10 cm and a good tree.
野生乡土树种，也需要驯化
Wild native tree species also need to be domesticated
对于高海拔山区优良野生乡土树种的育苗，也要慎重。尽管这些树种特别耐干旱、瘠薄，抗寒性较强，但因为这些树种野生惯了，到了城市未必适应，极有可
The cultivation of fine wild native tree species in high altitude mountain areas should also be cautious. Although these species are especially resistant to drought, barren, cold resistance is strong, but because these wild species are accustomed to the city may not adapt, there can be