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绿化苗木浇水方法
绿化苗木浇水方法
Watering method for greening seedlings
对水的要求较严，其特点足喜欢湿润，伯涝。在土壤湿润的情况下生长良好，否则生长明显不良。银杏苗若在水中浸泡3-4天，就会全部死亡。因此在生产过程中，要特别注意银杏的浇水和排水问题。
The requirement for water is stricter, and its characteristics are like wet and waterlogging. It grows well under the condition of soil wetness, otherwise the growth is obviously bad. If ginkgo seedlings soak in water for 3-4 days, all of them will die. Therefore, in the production process, we should pay special attention to the watering and drainage problems of Ginkgo biloba.
(1)浇水原则：从银杏生长过程来讲，应掌握以春季为重点，采用多次少量勤浇水的原则。春季是银杏浇水的关键时期，6月底至7月初银杏的新梢停止生长。银杏从发芽前后到麦收前后是需水的关键时期，然而这—时期一般年份是少雨干旱季节，因此，要多次少量勤浇水，保持土壤湿润．使土壤含水量保持在田间最大持水量的60%-80%。6月下旬全7月下旬是银杏种仁生长发育的高峰，需水量较大，但是一般情况下此期为多雨季节，若遇到天气干旱，就必须浇水，否则会影响种仁的生长发育．造成减产。秋季以后到土境封冻前，银杏需水量较春季少，不遇到特殊干旱一般不浇水。土壤封冻前—般要烧—次封冻水。银杏采叶园浇水比结果园要多，9月底以前只要干旱就要浇水。
(1) Watering principles: from the growth process of Ginkgo biloba, we should grasp the principle of focusing on spring, using several times a small amount of diligent watering. Spring is the key period for ginkgo watering, and the new shoots of Ginkgo will stop growing from the end of June to the beginning of July. Ginkgo biloba is a key period of water requirement from before and after germination to before and after wheat harvest. However, this period is usually a rainless and dry season. Therefore, a small amount of frequent watering should be carried out many times to keep the soil moist and keep the soil moisture content between 60% and 80% of the maximum field capacity. Late June and late July are the peak of the growth and development of Ginkgo kernel, and the water requirement is large, but generally this period is rainy season. If the weather is dry, it must be watered, otherwise it will affect the growth and development of the kernel, resulting in a reduction in production. After autumn, the water requirement of Ginkgo biloba was less than that of spring, and it was not watered without special drought. Soil should be burned before freezing. Ginkgo biloba garden water is more than the result garden, before the end of September, as long as drought is watering.
(2)灌水方法：目前我国大部分地区多采用大水漫灌。这种灌溉方法的缺点是浪费水，破坏土壤理化性状，养分流失严重，土壤水分有效利用期短，不利于银杏生长。改革灌水方法是节约用水、科学用水的重要技术措施。根据银杏的生长特性和生产实践，最好的清水方法是喷灌和微喷洒，这两种灌溉方法可以增加银杏的生长量。所以有条件的地方，要大力推广喷灌、滴灌和微喷灌。暂时不具备条件的地方，也要改大水漫灌为穴灌或沟灌。
(2) irrigation method: most of the areas in our country now use flood irrigation. The shortcomings of this irrigation method are that it wastes water, destroys soil physical and chemical properties, causes serious nutrient loss, shortens the effective utilization period of soil moisture, and is not conducive to the growth of Ginkgo biloba. The reform of irrigation methods is an important technical measure for saving water and scientific water consumption. According to the growth characteristics and production practice of Ginkgo biloba, sprinkler irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation are the best methods to increase the growth of Ginkgo biloba. Therefore, we must vigorously promote sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and micro sprinkler irrigation. Where temporary conditions do not exist, flood irrigation should be changed to irrigate or furrow irrigation.
①穴灌：适用于“四旁”、间作、农田防护林、城镇绿化等栽培模式。具体做法是；在树冠投影外缘向内30厘米左右，挖探约25厘米、直径约30厘米的灌水穴。灌水穴沿树冠均匀排列。挖穴数量，总的要求是要保证在根系的分布区内，40%以上的土壤保持在田间最大持水量的60%-80%。一般3-4年生树，每株2-3个穴；初果期每株3-4个穴：盛果期每株4-6个穴。挖好穴后将穴灌满水，待水全部渗下后，立即将穴用土填平，把树盘整平即可。
Hole irrigation: it is suitable for four sides, intercropping, farmland shelterbelts, and urban greening. The concrete method is: in the crown projection outside the edge of about 30 cm inward, excavate about 25 cm, diameter of about 30 cm of irrigation holes. The irrigation holes are evenly arranged along the tree crown. The total requirement of digging holes is to ensure that more than 40% of the soil in the root distribution area is maintained at 60% - 80% of the maximum field water holding capacity. In general, there are 2-3 acupoints for each 3-4 year old tree, and 3-4 acupoints for each plant in early fruit stage: 4-6 acupoints per plant. After digging a hole, fill the hole with water. After all the water seeps down, fill the hole with soil immediately and leveling the tree tray.
②沟灌：适于结果园、采叶园、丰产林、间作等栽培模式。具体做法是：顺树的行间挖深20-25匣米、宽30-40厘米的条沟，沟的数量根据各地经验，一船相隔100-120厘米挖一条沟即可。条沟的比降为1/1200。比降过大易灌水不均。灌水时以灌满沟为准，待水渗下后，及时把沟填平即可。
Furrow irrigation: suitable for the result garden, leaf picking garden, high-yield forest, intercropping and other cultivation modes. The concrete method is to dig a trench 20-25 box meters deep and 30-40 centimeters wide between rows of trees. The number of trenches is based on local experience. A ship can dig a trench 100-120 centimeters apart. The ratio of strip groove is 1/1200. The ratio is too large and the irrigation is uneven. When irrigation is filled with furrow, the ditch can be filled in time when the water is seeping.
Watering method for greening seedlings
对水的要求较严，其特点足喜欢湿润，伯涝。在土壤湿润的情况下生长良好，否则生长明显不良。银杏苗若在水中浸泡3-4天，就会全部死亡。因此在生产过程中，要特别注意银杏的浇水和排水问题。
The requirement for water is stricter, and its characteristics are like wet and waterlogging. It grows well under the condition of soil wetness, otherwise the growth is obviously bad. If ginkgo seedlings soak in water for 3-4 days, all of them will die. Therefore, in the production process, we should pay special attention to the watering and drainage problems of Ginkgo biloba.
(1)浇水原则：从银杏生长过程来讲，应掌握以春季为重点，采用多次少量勤浇水的原则。春季是银杏浇水的关键时期，6月底至7月初银杏的新梢停止生长。银杏从发芽前后到麦收前后是需水的关键时期，然而这—时期一般年份是少雨干旱季节，因此，要多次少量勤浇水，保持土壤湿润．使土壤含水量保持在田间最大持水量的60%-80%。6月下旬全7月下旬是银杏种仁生长发育的高峰，需水量较大，但是一般情况下此期为多雨季节，若遇到天气干旱，就必须浇水，否则会影响种仁的生长发育．造成减产。秋季以后到土境封冻前，银杏需水量较春季少，不遇到特殊干旱一般不浇水。土壤封冻前—般要烧—次封冻水。银杏采叶园浇水比结果园要多，9月底以前只要干旱就要浇水。
(1) Watering principles: from the growth process of Ginkgo biloba, we should grasp the principle of focusing on spring, using several times a small amount of diligent watering. Spring is the key period for ginkgo watering, and the new shoots of Ginkgo will stop growing from the end of June to the beginning of July. Ginkgo biloba is a key period of water requirement from before and after germination to before and after wheat harvest. However, this period is usually a rainless and dry season. Therefore, a small amount of frequent watering should be carried out many times to keep the soil moist and keep the soil moisture content between 60% and 80% of the maximum field capacity. Late June and late July are the peak of the growth and development of Ginkgo kernel, and the water requirement is large, but generally this period is rainy season. If the weather is dry, it must be watered, otherwise it will affect the growth and development of the kernel, resulting in a reduction in production. After autumn, the water requirement of Ginkgo biloba was less than that of spring, and it was not watered without special drought. Soil should be burned before freezing. Ginkgo biloba garden water is more than the result garden, before the end of September, as long as drought is watering.
(2)灌水方法：目前我国大部分地区多采用大水漫灌。这种灌溉方法的缺点是浪费水，破坏土壤理化性状，养分流失严重，土壤水分有效利用期短，不利于银杏生长。改革灌水方法是节约用水、科学用水的重要技术措施。根据银杏的生长特性和生产实践，最好的清水方法是喷灌和微喷洒，这两种灌溉方法可以增加银杏的生长量。所以有条件的地方，要大力推广喷灌、滴灌和微喷灌。暂时不具备条件的地方，也要改大水漫灌为穴灌或沟灌。
(2) irrigation method: most of the areas in our country now use flood irrigation. The shortcomings of this irrigation method are that it wastes water, destroys soil physical and chemical properties, causes serious nutrient loss, shortens the effective utilization period of soil moisture, and is not conducive to the growth of Ginkgo biloba. The reform of irrigation methods is an important technical measure for saving water and scientific water consumption. According to the growth characteristics and production practice of Ginkgo biloba, sprinkler irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation are the best methods to increase the growth of Ginkgo biloba. Therefore, we must vigorously promote sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and micro sprinkler irrigation. Where temporary conditions do not exist, flood irrigation should be changed to irrigate or furrow irrigation.
①穴灌：适用于“四旁”、间作、农田防护林、城镇绿化等栽培模式。具体做法是；在树冠投影外缘向内30厘米左右，挖探约25厘米、直径约30厘米的灌水穴。灌水穴沿树冠均匀排列。挖穴数量，总的要求是要保证在根系的分布区内，40%以上的土壤保持在田间最大持水量的60%-80%。一般3-4年生树，每株2-3个穴；初果期每株3-4个穴：盛果期每株4-6个穴。挖好穴后将穴灌满水，待水全部渗下后，立即将穴用土填平，把树盘整平即可。
Hole irrigation: it is suitable for four sides, intercropping, farmland shelterbelts, and urban greening. The concrete method is: in the crown projection outside the edge of about 30 cm inward, excavate about 25 cm, diameter of about 30 cm of irrigation holes. The irrigation holes are evenly arranged along the tree crown. The total requirement of digging holes is to ensure that more than 40% of the soil in the root distribution area is maintained at 60% - 80% of the maximum field water holding capacity. In general, there are 2-3 acupoints for each 3-4 year old tree, and 3-4 acupoints for each plant in early fruit stage: 4-6 acupoints per plant. After digging a hole, fill the hole with water. After all the water seeps down, fill the hole with soil immediately and leveling the tree tray.
②沟灌：适于结果园、采叶园、丰产林、间作等栽培模式。具体做法是：顺树的行间挖深20-25匣米、宽30-40厘米的条沟，沟的数量根据各地经验，一船相隔100-120厘米挖一条沟即可。条沟的比降为1/1200。比降过大易灌水不均。灌水时以灌满沟为准，待水渗下后，及时把沟填平即可。
Furrow irrigation: suitable for the result garden, leaf picking garden, high-yield forest, intercropping and other cultivation modes. The concrete method is to dig a trench 20-25 box meters deep and 30-40 centimeters wide between rows of trees. The number of trenches is based on local experience. A ship can dig a trench 100-120 centimeters apart. The ratio of strip groove is 1/1200. The ratio is too large and the irrigation is uneven. When irrigation is filled with furrow, the ditch can be filled in time when the water is seeping.
